Introduction

Kubernetes is an open-source container-orchestration system for automating deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications. It has a large, rapidly growing ecosystem and the services, support, and tools are widely available. Kubernetes provides you with a framework to run distributed systems resiliently.

With the E2E Myaccount portal, You can quickly launch the Kubernetes master, worker nodes and get started working with your Kubernetes cluster in a minute.

Getting Started

How to Launch Kubernetes Service from Myaccount portal

Login into MyAccount

Please go to ‘MyAccount’ and log in using your credentials set up at the time of creating and activating the E2E Networks ‘MyAccount’.

Navigate to Kubernetes Service create page

  • After you log in to the E2E Networks ‘MyAccount’, you can click on the following options.

  • On the left side of the MyAccount dashboard, click on the “Kubernetes” sub-menu available under the Compute section.

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Create Kubernetes Service

On the top right section of the kubernetes service dashboard, You need to click on the “Create kubernetes” Button which will prompt you to the cluster page where you will be selecting the configuration and entering the details of your database.

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Kubernetes Configuration and Setting

After click on Create Kubernetes, you have to click on Add Plan and You need to select the required configuration and setting for your kubernetes which are mentioned below.

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Add kubernetes plan

You can select Static Pool or AutoScale Pool.

Static Pool

../_images/Kubernetesaddnodepool.png

AutoScale Pool

In AutoScale Pool, you can select policy parameter type “Default” or “Custom”

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Default

In Default policy parameter type, you can select two types of policy parameter.

CPU

This policy scales the number of resources based on the CPU utilization. When the CPU utilization reaches a certain threshold, the number of resources will be increased according to the policy which you have set. When the CPU utilization decreases, the number of resources will be decreased.

MEMORY

This policy scales the number of resources based on the MEMORY utilization. When the MEMORY utilization reaches a certain threshold, the number of resources will be increased according to the policy which you have set. When the MEMORY utilization decreases, the number of resources will be decreased.

../_images/kuber2.png

Custom

Once an auto-scaling configuration is created with custom parameters, you’ll receive a CURL command for updating the custom parameter value. This command can be used within scripts, hooks, cron jobs, and similar actions. When the value of this custom parameter reaches a specific threshold, the number of resources will increase. Conversely, when the value decreases, the number of resources will decrease.

Note: Please note that the default value of the custom parameter is set to 0.

Manage Custom policy

The custom policy feature in Kubernetes Autoscale Pool enables you to define your custom attribute. The auto-scaling service utilizes this attribute to make scaling decisions. After setting this custom attribute you can scale/downscale your node pool nodes. Once the Kubernetes cluster is launched you will be given curl from where you can update this custom attribute according to your use case.

../_images/createcustom2.png

Policy Parameter Name:

The Policy Parameter Name field is where you enter the name of the custom attribute you want to use to monitor your service. This attribute can be any name that you choose, but it is helpful to use names that are descriptive of the aspect of your service that you are monitoring. For example, you could use “NETTX” for Network traffic, “DISKWRIOPS” for disk write operations, etc.

Node utilization section:

Specify the values that will trigger a scale-up (increase in cardinality) or scale-down (decrease in cardinality) operation based on your preferences.

Scaling Period Policy:

You need to define the watch period, duration of each period, and cooldown period.

How to get a CURL??:

You can obtain a curl command by clicking on ‘Get Curl’.

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Note

After you complete filling the fields, click the ‘create cluster’ button. When the cluster is up and running, you’ll get a curl command. Use this command in Postman, inputting your API Key and token. Then, in the Postman’s body section, modify the value of the custom parameter.

../_images/CurlImage.png

How to change custom parameter value in a CURL through CLI??:

When you receive a curl command, paste it into the terminal along with your API Key, Bearer token, and set the value of the custom parameter as you prefer.

../_images/CLI1.png ../_images/CLI2.png

Network

Use VPC - In the List Type, you can select the VPC.

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Deploy Kubernetes

After filling all the details successfully, click on the Create Cluster button. It will take a few minutes to set up the scale group and you will take to the ‘Kubernetes Service’ page.

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Kubernetes Service

Cluster Details

You will be able to check all the basic details of your kubernetes. You can Check the kubernetes name and kubernetes version details.

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How To Download Kubeconfig.yaml File

  • After Downloading the Kube config

  • Please make sure kubectl is installed on your system

  • To install kubectl follow this doc: https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/tools/

  • Run kubectl --kubeconfig="download_file_name" proxy

../_images/ClusterDetails1.png ../_images/kubem10.png

  • Open the below URL in the browser

http://localhost:8001/api/v1/namespaces/kubernetes-dashboard/services/https:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/

../_images/ClusterDetails2.png

  • Copy the kubeconfig token in below option

../_images/kubem12.png

  • And paste Kubeconfig Token to access Kubernetes dashboard

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Node Pool Details

The Node Pool Details tab provides information about the Worker nodes. Users also Add and delete the worker node.

../_images/Kubaddnodepool.png ../_images/Kubaddnodepool2.png ../_images/Addnodepool1.png ../_images/Addnodepool2.png ../_images/Addnodepool3.png

Resize Worker Node Pool

Users can also resize the worker nodes pool. Click on resize button.

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Click on Plus button.

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Click on resize pool button to update the worker node pool.

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Persistent Volume(PVC)

../_images/kub_addpesristencevolume.png

To check PVC run below command

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Create Persistent Volume :- On the top right section of the manage persistent volume, You need to click on the “Add persistent volume” Button which will prompt you to the Add persistent volume page where you will click the create button.

../_images/kub_addpesristencevolume1.png

Delete Persistent Volume:- To delete your persistent volume, click on delete option. Please note that once you have deleted your persistent volume you will not be able to recover your data.

../_images/Kub_persistentVolumelist.png

Dynamic Persistent Volume(PVC)

Dynamic volume provisioning allows storage volumes to be created on-demand.

Note

To create dynamic PersistentVolumeClaim alteast one PersistentVolume should be create in your kubernetes cluster from myaccout kubernetes PersistentVolumne section.

CREATE A STORAGECLASS

To enable dynamic provisioning, a cluster administrator needs to pre-create one or more StorageClass objects for users. StorageClass objects define which provisioner should be used and what parameters should be passed to that provisioner when dynamic provisioning is invoked.

The following manifest creates a storage class “csi-rbd-sc” which provisions standard disk-like persistent disks.

cat > sc.yaml << EOF
apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
kind: StorageClass
metadata:
name: csi-rbd-sc
provisioner: rbd.csi.ceph.com
parameters:
clusterID: 4335747c-13e4-11ed-a27e-b49691c56840
pool: k8spv
csi.storage.k8s.io/provisioner-secret-name: csi-rbd-secret
csi.storage.k8s.io/provisioner-secret-namespace: default
csi.storage.k8s.io/node-stage-secret-name: csi-rbd-secret
csi.storage.k8s.io/node-stage-secret-namespace: default
imageFeatures: layering
reclaimPolicy: Delete
volumeBindingMode: Immediate
allowVolumeExpansion: true
mountOptions:
- discard
EOF

kubectl apply -f sc.yaml

CREATE A PERSISTENTVOLUMECLAIM

Users request dynamically provisioned storage by including a storage class in their PersistentVolumeClaim. To select the “csi-rbd-sc” storage class, for example, a user would create the following PersistentVolumeClaim

cat > pvc.yaml << EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
name: rbd-pvc
spec:
accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
volumeMode: Filesystem
resources:
    requests:
    storage: 4Gi
storageClassName: csi-rbd-sc
EOF

kubectl apply -f pvc.yaml
../_images/dynamic_pv.png

This claim results in an SSD-like Persistent Disk being automatically provisioned. When the claim is deleted, the volume is destroyed.

Public IPv4 Address

A public IP address is an IPv4 address that’s reachable from the Internet. You can use public addresses for communication between your Kubernetes and the Internet. You can reserve the default assigned public IP for your account until you do not release it. If you want to allocate public IP addresses for your Kubernets, this can be used by using type load-balancer.

Private IPv4 Address

A private IPv4 address is an IP address that’s not reachable over the Internet. You can use private IPv4 addresses for communication between instances in the same VPC. When you launch an E2E Kubernetes, we allocate a private IPv4 address for your Kubernetes.

LoadBalancer

We have a native integration of the bare-metal Load Balancer MetalLB in our Kubernetes Appliance.

MetalLB hooks into our Kubernetes cluster and provides a network load-balancer implementation. It has two features that work together to provide this service: address allocation, and external announcement.

With Metallb you can expose the service on a load-balanced IP (External/Service IP) which will float across the Kubernetes nodes in case some node fails and this is where it differs from a simple External IP assignment.

As long as you ensure that the network traffic is routed to one of the Kubernetes nodes on this load-balanced IP, your service should be accessible from the outside.

We have to provide pools of IP addresses that MetalLB will use for allocation and for that part, we allow users the option of Service IP.

../_images/Kub_LBIPpool1.png ../_images/Kub_LBIPpool2.png ../_images/Kub_LBIPpool3.png

With Service IP, customers can reserve IPs which will be used to configure pools of IP addresses automatically in the Kubernetes cluster. MetalLB will take care of assigning and unassigning individual addresses as services come and go, but it will only ever hand out IPs that are part of its configured pools.

../_images/kubem16.png

Monitoring Graphs

Monitoring of server health is a free service that provides insights into resource usage across your infrastructure. There are several different display metrics to help you track the operational health of your infrastructure. Select the worker node for which you want to check the metrics.

  • Click on the ‘Monitoring’ tab to check the CPU Performance, Disk Read/ Write operation, and Network Traffic Statistics.

../_images/KubMonitoring1.png ../_images/KubMonitoring2.png ../_images/KubMonitoring3.png

Alerts

Setup Monitoring Alert for Worker Node

Go to the ‘Alerts’ tab and click on Create Alert button and if you want configure email then you have to click on Configure Email button.

../_images/CreateAlert.png ../_images/ConfigureEmailalert.png ../_images/ConfigureEmailalert2.png

Actions

You can perform the following actions available for the respective cluster

Add Node Pool

You can add your Kubernetes current plan to a higher plan, for this, you need to click on the Add node pool button.

../_images/kub_actionaddnodepool.png ../_images/Kubaddnodepool2.png

Default

../_images/Addnodepool1.png ../_images/Addnodepool2.png

CUSTOM

../_images/Addnodepool3.png

Delete Node

Click on the Delete button to delete your node. Termination of a node will delete all the data on it.

../_images/kub_actiondelete1.png ../_images/kub_actiondelete2.png

Create a Secret For Container Registery

Secrets

A Secret is an object that contains a small amount of sensitive data such as a password, a token, or a key. Such information might otherwise be put in a Pod specification or in a container image. Using a Secret means that you don’t need to include confidential data in your application code.

Create Secrets

kubectl create secret docker-registry name-secrets \
--docker-username=username \
--docker-password=pass1234 \
--docker-server=registry.e2enetworks.net

Create a Pod that uses container registry Secret

cat > private-reg-pod-example.yaml << EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: node-hello
spec:
  containers:
  - name: node-hello-container
    image: registry.e2enetworks.net/vipin-repo/node-hello@sha256:bd333665069e66b11dbb76444ac114a1e0a65ace459684a5616c0429aa4bf519
  imagePullSecrets:
  - name:  name-secrets
EOF